1843 - Panjim declared the capital of Goa.
The senate was formally moved to Panaji in 1835 although it was another eight years before the city officially became the capital. In 1787 there was a short-lived attempt at revolt by the conspirators in the Pinto Revolt who were mainly Goan churchmen, disaffected at the unequal status of Goans in the church hierarchy. The revolt was discovered while it was still being planned and was crushed in its inception.

1881 - Commencement of railway building in Goa.

1905 - Development of iron and manganese ore mines.

1940 - 1947 - Indian independence movement
By the 1940s the Goan leaders were taking lead from the independence movement from across the border in British India. On 18 June 1946 a demonstration led to the public arrest of a prominent activist, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, after he had been threatened at gunpoint not to address the crowd. On 10 June 1947 the Portuguese Minister of Colonies, Captain Teofilo Duarte, warned that the 'Portuguese flag will not fall down in India without blood shed.'

1947 - 1961 - Goa incorporated into the Indian Union.
Throughout this time freedom campaigners were stepping up violent and nonviolent actions in Goa. A militant wing of the independence movement was formed, calling itself 'Azad Gomantak Dal', and a number of armed raids were carried out. When the newly independent Indian government made a effort to persuade the Portuguese to leave peacefully in 1953, there was no formal response. Consequently diplomatic relations between the two countries were broken off on 11 June 1953. Meanwhile the Indian government manoeuvred for international support, and tried to exert pressure at the UN.

Dec 19,1961 - Liberation of Goa.
During the night of 17-18 December 1961, Operation Vijay began with Indian troops crossing the border. There was little resistance was met and by the evening of the 18th, troops were outside Panaji. At 8.30am on 19 December troops of the Punjab Regiment occupied the Secretariat Building. The Portuguese left shortly afterwards leaving their colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu which were integrated with the Indian Union.

1961-1987 - Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.
In December 1962, there were elections for the slate assembly and Goa's two parliamentary seats and the first proper state government started functioning from Panaji. The major question now was that of statehood or merger to the neighbouring state of Maharashtra. The issue was finally settled on 16 January 1967 with an opinion poll where the people of Goa. Daman and Diu opted to remain as a Union Territory, rather than being assimilated into their neighbouring states.

1987 - Goa gained statehood.
On May 30,1987 Goa split from Daman and Diu to be officially recognised as the 25th state of the Indian union. The struggle to retain Konkani as the official language of the state was also won. In 1992, Konkani was recognised as 18th national language by the Indian constitution.